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Hidetaka Nishiyama
was a prominent Japanese master of Shotokan karate.〔(International Traditional Karate Federation: Hidetaka Nishiyama ) (2009). Retrieved on April 17, 2010.〕〔(E/B Productions: A short biography of Master Hidetaka Nishiyama ) (c. 2009). Retrieved on April 17, 2010.〕〔(E/B Productions: Master Hidetaka Nishiyama (from the 36th AAKF National Tournament program) ) (c. 1997). Retrieved on April 17, 2010.〕 He was an internationally recognized instructor, author, and administrator, and helped to establish the Japan Karate Association.〔 Nishiyama was one of the last surviving students of Gichin Funakoshi, founder of Shotokan karate.〔〔〔 He was based in the United States of America from 1961 until his death in 2008, and was a pioneer of karate in that country.〔(Hidetaka Nishiyama: karate master ) ''The Times'' (November 22, 2008). Retrieved on April 17, 2010.〕 He was posthumously awarded the rank of 10th ''dan'' in karate.〔〔(International Traditional Karate Federation: Karate Master receives 10th Dan ) (October 10, 2009). Retrieved on April 17, 2010.〕
==Early life==
Nishiyama was born on October 10, 1928, in Tokyo, Japan.〔〔〔〔Asawa, G. (1962): "Master Hidetaka Nishiyama explains Karate's real goal ... not to bask in the glory of achievement but to push forward always to the limit of your capability." ''Black Belt'', 1(3):28–31.〕〔Warrener, D. (c. 2009): (A tall tree in the forest has fallen ) Retrieved on April 17, 2010.〕〔(The Shotokan Way: Hidetaka Nishiyama profile ) (c. 2007). Retrieved on April 17, 2010.〕 His father was a lawyer and a kendo master, and he had two sisters, Sumiye and Michiko.〔〔 During Nishiyama's childhood, karate was mostly unknown in Japan, and children were required to train in either judo or kendo in middle school.〔Smith, M. (1975): (Smoke from an urbane volcano: Meet Hidetaka Nishiyama, a tough gentleman of Japan who is fighting to have karate accepted as an Olympic sport ) ''Sports Illustrated'' (August 18, 1975). Retrieved on April 17, 2010.〕 He started learning kendo in 1933 and judo in 1938.〔 Recalling the beginning of his martial arts training, Nishiyama said, "I began, as is the custom in Japan, on the 5th day of the fifth month at the age of five. I started in kendo."〔 His kendo instructor, Moorio Mochida, had a strong and lasting influence on the youth's development in the martial arts.〔Pinheiro, J. A. (2006): "Hidetaka Nishiyama: An interview with a Karate Legend." ''Black Belt'', 44(1):112–117.〕 By the time Nishiyama reached 14 years of age, he had attained black belt status in judo.〔
In 1943, Nishiyama was promoted to the rank of 1st ''dan'' in kendo (and would eventually reach 3rd ''dan'' in that art),〔 and began training in Shotokan karate at the art's ''honbu dojo'' (headquarters training hall) under its founder, Gichin Funakoshi.〔〔〔〔〔〔 His interest in karate had been sparked by two things: an old book written by a sword master (Nishiyama estimated the book to have been written around 1550), and ''Zoku Sugata Sanshiro'' (1945), a film by Akira Kurosawa.〔 He recalled that training in the ''honbu dojo'' was around 80% ''kata'' (patterns) and 20% ''kihon'' (basics), and that Funakoshi and his son, Gigō Funakoshi, would divide the teaching load evenly between them.〔
Nishiyama served in the Imperial Japanese Navy before the end of World War II, and was unable to continue his karate training during this brief period.〔 In 1946, he was promoted to the rank of 1st ''dan'' in karate, and in 1948, he was promoted to 2nd ''dan''.〔〔 With the war over, he was able to begin studying at university.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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